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Related Concept Videos

Capacitors01:15

Capacitors

901
Capacitors play a crucial role in car radios, where they filter and store frequencies to ensure clear signal reception. Essentially serving as energy storage devices, capacitors store energy within their electric field and are composed of two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric.
When a voltage source is connected to a capacitor, positive and negative charges accumulate on the opposite plates. This accumulation generates a potential difference that equals the product of the...
901
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

1.5K
A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
1.5K
Capacitors and Capacitance01:18

Capacitors and Capacitance

9.2K
A device consisting of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance and used to store electrical charges is called a capacitor. The space between the conductors is either a vacuum or an insulating material, called a dielectric. Capacitors have many applications, ranging from filtering static from radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators.
When the conductors are two identical parallel plates, it is called a parallel plate capacitor. When battery terminals are...
9.2K
Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

4.9K
Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
4.9K
Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

Energy Stored in Capacitors

1.1K
A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
By integrating the equation that relates voltage and current in a capacitor, one can derive an equation for the voltage across the capacitor at any given time. This equation is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of capacitors in...
1.1K
Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor01:26

Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor

6.7K
A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have  equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
Conventionally, considering the  symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field,...
6.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

3D Printed Porous Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds
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3D Printed Porous Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds

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Hydrogel 3D printing with the capacitor edge effect.

Jikun Wang1, Tongqing Lu1, Meng Yang1

  • 1State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

Science Advances
|March 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new hydrogel 3D printing method using the capacitor edge effect for precise liquid patterning. This versatile technique enables rapid prototyping of diverse hydrogel devices with complex designs.

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Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels have diverse applications in cell culture, tissue engineering, soft robotics, and ionic devices.
  • Current 3D printing methods for hydrogels face limitations regarding precursor properties and structural constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel hydrogel 3D printing technique overcoming existing limitations.
  • To enable precise liquid patterning for advanced hydrogel fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the capacitor edge effect for liquid patterning with 100 μm resolution.
  • Establishing a complete hydrogel 3D printing system integrating patterning and stacking.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated applicability to a wide variety of hydrogels.
  • Successfully printed hydrogel scaffolds, temperature-responsive composites, and ionic hydrogel display devices.
  • Achieved high-integrity hydrogel structures with complex geometries.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed technique overcomes limitations of existing hydrogel 3D printing methods.
  • Offers significant opportunities for rapid prototyping of diverse hydrogel-based devices.
  • Facilitates the creation of multi-compositional and geometrically complex hydrogel structures.