Risk-adapted management for vasa praevia: a retrospective study about individualized timing of caesarean section

Vasa praevia is a rare condition with high foetal mortality if not detected prenatally. There is limited evidence available to determine the ideal timing of delivery and management recommendations. The aim of this study was to critically review our experience with vasa praevia, with a focus on diagnosis and management.

In a retrospective analysis, all cases of vasa praevia identified in our department from January 2003 to December 2017 were included. All cases were diagnosed antenatally during sonographic inspection of the placenta, and individualized management for each patient was performed based on individual risk factors. 19 cases of vasa praevia were identified (15 singletons, four twins). 13 patients (79%) presented placental anomalies. In patients at high risk for preterm birth, caesarean delivery was performed between 34-35 weeks after early hospitalization and administration of corticosteroids, whereas in patients at low risk for preterm birth, caesarean section could be delayed to 35-37 weeks of gestation. Administration of corticosteroids was not obligatory in the latter cases.

There were two acute caesarean sections, due to premature abruption of the placenta and vaginal bleeding. There was no maternal or foetal/neonatal death. None of the neonates required blood transfusion. There is limited evidence available with which to determine the ideal timing of delivery.

However, our individualized, risk-adapted management, which attempts to delay the timing of caesarean section up to two weeks beyond the standard recommendation, seems feasible, with just two emergency caesarean sections and no case of foetal or maternal death.