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Effect of hyperoxia on substrate utilization during intense submaximal exercise.

R P Adams, P A Cashman, J C Young

    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Breathing enriched oxygen during exercise lowered CO2 output, ventilation, and lactate levels in trained males. This suggests a shift in substrate utilization, potentially impacting exercise performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sports Science
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Hyperoxia, or breathing air with higher oxygen concentration, has been anecdotally linked to enhanced athletic performance.
    • Previous observations suggest a decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during hyperoxic exercise, hinting at altered substrate metabolism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if a substrate shift is responsible for the observed enhanced performance and decreased RER during exercise in hyperoxia.
    • To analyze metabolic and ventilatory responses to cycling exercise under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Six trained males with high maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) performed 30 minutes of cycling at 76.8% VO2max.
    • Measurements included oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), RER, venous lactate, glycerol, free fatty acids, glucose, and alanine.

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  • Data were collected before, during, and after exercise in both normoxia (21.35% O2) and hyperoxia (61.34% O2).

    • Main Results:

    • Oxygen consumption (VO2), free fatty acids, glucose, and alanine levels showed no significant difference between hyperoxia and normoxia.
    • Carbon dioxide output (VCO2), RER, minute ventilation (VE), glycerol, and lactate levels were significantly lower during hyperoxic exercise compared to normoxia.
    • These findings indicate a reduced reliance on carbohydrate metabolism during hyperoxia.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed decrease in VCO2, RER, and lactate during hyperoxic exercise supports the hypothesis of a substrate shift.
    • Hyperoxia may promote a greater utilization of fat as an energy source during moderate-intensity exercise.
    • This substrate shift could be a contributing factor to the potential performance benefits observed with hyperoxia.