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Target detection increases pupil diameter and enhances memory for background scenes during multi-tasking.

Khena M Swallow1, Yuhong V Jiang2, Elizabeth B Riley3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. kms424@cornell.edu.

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|March 29, 2019
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Summary

Attentional boost effect enhances memory by focusing on relevant moments. This memory boost is linked to increased pupil dilation, suggesting neural gain changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attending to targets boosts memory for concurrent information (attentional boost effect).
  • This effect may involve temporal selection of relevant moments.
  • Pupil diameter increases with attention and correlates with locus coeruleus activity, a key area for temporal selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the attentional boost effect is associated with pupil diameter changes.
  • To explore the neurophysiological underpinnings of the attentional boost effect.

Main Methods:

  • Participants memorized scenes while detecting target tones.
  • Pupil diameter was measured during the task.
  • Memory for scenes was tested later.

Main Results:

  • Target detection, compared to distractor rejection, led to a larger pupil response.
  • This pupil response was more pronounced for scenes that were later remembered.
  • The attentional boost effect was confirmed, enhancing scene memory.

Conclusions:

  • The attentional boost effect is accompanied by increased pupil diameter.
  • Phasic changes in neural gain and locus coeruleus activity may underlie the attentional boost effect.