Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean01:25

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean

8.8K
A point estimate of the population mean is obtained from a single sample. Such a point estimate does not represent a population well because it needs to account for variability in the population. Single point estimate can also be biased despite the sample being selected randomly. Thus, a point estimate is often unreliable. A confidence interval is needed to reduce this unreliability.
A confidence interval for the mean is a range of values that provides an estimate of the population mean. As the...
8.8K
Critical Numbers and the Closed Interval Method01:21

Critical Numbers and the Closed Interval Method

60
Understanding the maximum and minimum values of a function is essential for analyzing its overall behavior. These values, often referred to as extrema, provide insight into how a function behaves across its domain. In mathematical terms, extrema can be either local—representing peaks and valleys within a limited region—or absolute, indicating the highest or lowest points over an entire interval.A function’s extrema occur at critical numbers, which are values in the domain...
60
Prediction Intervals01:03

Prediction Intervals

3.3K
The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
3.3K
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods01:19

Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

232
A medication’s effectiveness largely depends on its appropriate dosage and the route of administration. Dosage ensures that a sufficient drug concentration is maintained in the bloodstream to elicit the desired therapeutic effect without causing toxicity. The route of administration affects the drug's bioavailability, rate of absorption, and onset of action, which are crucial for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Drug dosage calculations are critical to tailoring therapy to...
232
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.9K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.9K
Confidence Intervals01:21

Confidence Intervals

10.2K
An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

4,4'-DMAR <i>in-vivo</i> acute cardiotoxicity: differences between (±)<i>cis</i>-4,4'-DMAR and its coadministration with the (±)<i>trans</i>-4,4'-DMAR isomer.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

IgA Subclasses and Free Light Chains in Celiac Disease: A Pilot Study.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Fetuin-A: a potential molecular link between obesity, diabetes (type 2 and type 1) and metabolic steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same author

Development of a deep learning-based tool for coronary artery stenosis evaluation in forensic autopsies using whole slide imaging.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same author

"Thanatoradiomics" and PMI estimation: radiomics as a multi-omics component.

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology·2026
Same author

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of post-mortem brain tissue reveals specific amino acid profile dysregulation in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease patients.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same journal

Cross-sectional blood vessel area differences in various causes of death in unenhanced forensic post-mortem computed tomography.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic performance of Demirjian's third molar maturation stages G, G1, and H for identifying the 18-year age threshold: a sex-specific study.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same journal

Environmental DNA (eDNA) from humans: Review of recent advancements and forensic implications.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same journal

Joint editorial: shared deliberations of the editors-in-chief of three forensic journals regarding ethical issues in forensic publishing.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same journal

Dental age assessment: orthopantomogram-based comparison of traditional methods and artificial intelligence in the adult population.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
Same journal

Sex estimation from morphometry of lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5): A machine learning approach.

International journal of legal medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Isolation of Cardiomyocyte Nuclei from Post-mortem Tissue
10:12

Isolation of Cardiomyocyte Nuclei from Post-mortem Tissue

Published on: July 10, 2012

17.6K

A novel method for post-mortem interval estimation based on tissue nano-mechanics.

Fabio De-Giorgio1, Matteo Nardini2, Federica Foti1

  • 1Institute of Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces atomic force microscopy to measure rigor mortis for post-mortem interval estimation. Hysteresis measurements show promise in overcoming inter-individual variability, offering a potential new forensic tool.

Keywords:
Atomic force microscopeNano-mechanicsRigor mortisTime since death

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG
08:46

A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG

Published on: March 7, 2017

17.5K
A Stainless Protocol for High Quality RNA Isolation from Laser Capture Microdissected Purkinje Cells in the Human Post-Mortem Cerebellum
09:04

A Stainless Protocol for High Quality RNA Isolation from Laser Capture Microdissected Purkinje Cells in the Human Post-Mortem Cerebellum

Published on: January 17, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Isolation of Cardiomyocyte Nuclei from Post-mortem Tissue
10:12

Isolation of Cardiomyocyte Nuclei from Post-mortem Tissue

Published on: July 10, 2012

17.6K
A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG
08:46

A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma DIPG

Published on: March 7, 2017

17.5K
A Stainless Protocol for High Quality RNA Isolation from Laser Capture Microdissected Purkinje Cells in the Human Post-Mortem Cerebellum
09:04

A Stainless Protocol for High Quality RNA Isolation from Laser Capture Microdissected Purkinje Cells in the Human Post-Mortem Cerebellum

Published on: January 17, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate post-mortem interval estimation is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • Current methods for determining post-mortem interval have limitations.
  • Rigor mortis is a key indicator of post-mortem changes, but its quantitative analysis is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for quantifying rigor mortis.
  • To evaluate the applicability of AFM-derived mechanical properties for post-mortem interval estimation.
  • To identify reliable parameters for assessing post-mortem changes in skeletal muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical removal of skeletal muscle samples from three forensic cases (0-120 hours post-mortem).
  • Quantitative evaluation of Young's modulus (E) and hysteresis (H) using AFM.
  • Analysis of temporal changes in mechanical properties to correlate with post-mortem interval.

Main Results:

  • Young's modulus (E) correlated with rigor mortis evolution up to 48 hours post-mortem but showed significant inter-individual variability.
  • Hysteresis (H) demonstrated a time-dependent curve that normalized across subjects, effectively reducing inter-individual variability.
  • Hysteresis measurements provided consistent, reproducible data, suggesting its utility in post-mortem interval estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale mechanical property analysis using AFM, particularly hysteresis, shows promise for reliable post-mortem interval estimation.
  • Hysteresis measurements offer a method to overcome inter-individual variability in rigor mortis assessment.
  • Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings for forensic applications.