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Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
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Deciphering Endothelial Dysfunction in the HIV-Infected Population

Genevieve Mezoh1, Nigel J Crowther2,3

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa. mezohg@yahoo.fr.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 29, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Assessing endothelial function is crucial for HIV patients at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review explores non-invasive methods and blood biomarkers for early CVD detection in HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant concern for HIV-infected individuals, even with effective antiretroviral therapy.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor contributing to CVD in this population.
  • Current methods for assessing endothelial function in HIV patients lack consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current non-invasive techniques for evaluating endothelial function in HIV-infected patients.
  • To highlight promising blood-based biomarkers for assessing endothelial dysfunction.
  • To emphasize the need for accessible diagnostic tools in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of non-invasive endothelial function assessment strategies.
  • Analysis of proposed blood-based biomarkers including E-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, vWF, TNF-α, IL6, and sTM.
  • Focus on biomarkers suitable for point-of-care testing.

Main Results:

  • Various non-invasive methods exist for assessing endothelial function, but results can be inconsistent.
  • Several blood biomarkers show potential for indicating endothelial dysfunction in HIV.
  • Point-of-care assays for these biomarkers could improve CVD risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Routine assessment of endothelial function is recommended for HIV patients to mitigate CVD risk.
  • Development of reliable blood-based biomarkers is essential for early detection and management.
  • Point-of-care testing offers a viable solution for widespread application, particularly in high HIV prevalence regions.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCardiovascular diseaseEndothelial dysfunctionHIVInflammation

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