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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Components of Stress01:23

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Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Transfusion of pathogen-reduced platelet components without leukoreduction.

Joycelyn Sim1, Wai Chiu Tsoi2, Cheuk Kwong Lee2

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Amotosalen-ultraviolet A pathogen reduction (A-PR) of platelet concentrate (PC) is a feasible alternative to leukoreduction (LR) for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This method demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety, reducing transfusion reactions and refractoriness without compromising engraftment or increasing mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Leukoreduction (LR) of platelet concentrate (PC) is standard for mitigating transfusion risks but does not prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD).
  • Amotosalen-ultraviolet A pathogen reduction (A-PR) of PC inactivates WBCs and pathogens, reducing transfusion-transmitted infections and TA-GVHD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of A-PR processed PC without LR, gamma irradiation, or bacterial screening in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.
  • To compare the safety and efficacy of A-PR PC versus conventional PC in HSCT patients.

Main Methods:

  • A sequential cohort study compared conventional PC (control) with A-PR PC (test) in HSCT recipients.
  • Primary outcomes included 1-hour corrected count increment and treatment-emergent acute transfusion reactions (ATRs).
  • Secondary outcomes assessed clinical refractoriness, engraftment, TA-GVHD, HSCT-GVHD, infections, and mortality at 100 days.

Main Results:

  • Mean corrected count increment was similar between A-PR PC and control PC groups (18.9 ± 8.8 vs. 16.6 ± 8.4).
  • A-PR PC showed a nonsignificant reduction in ATR incidence (9.1% vs. 19.4%) and significantly lower frequencies of clinical refractoriness (0% vs. 12.9%) and refractory transfusions (6.6% vs. 19.3%).
  • No TA-GVHD was observed in either cohort; 100-day engraftment, HSCT-GVHD, mortality, and infectious complications were comparable.

Conclusions:

  • A-PR PC processed without LR, gamma irradiation, or bacterial screening is a feasible option for supporting HSCT recipients.
  • This approach offers potential benefits in reducing transfusion reactions and refractoriness.
  • Further research may support broader adoption of A-PR as a replacement for traditional LR processing.