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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Semantic processing in children with cochlear implants: Evidence from event-related potentials.

Nicola Bell1, Anthony J Angwin1, Wendy L Arnott1,2

  • 1a School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , QLD , Australia.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) show normal neural processing of word meaning, indicated by the N400 effect. However, their behavioral language skills lag behind typically hearing peers, suggesting other factors contribute to spoken language difficulties.

Keywords:
ChildrenN400cochlear implantsevent-related potentialsemantic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences

Background:

  • Children with cochlear implants (CIs) often exhibit deficits in spoken language comprehension compared to typically hearing peers.
  • The N400 effect, an electrophysiological measure, reflects the brain's processing of semantic information and lexical incongruence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural processing of lexical-semantic incongruence in children with CIs using event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • To compare the N400 effect between children with CIs and typically hearing children.
  • To explore the relationship between electrophysiological measures and behavioral assessments of spoken language.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 12 children with CIs (ages 6-9) and 30 typically hearing children during a spoken word-picture matching task.
  • Independent samples t tests and ANOVA were used to compare N400 effect parameters (amplitude, latency) between the CI and typically hearing groups.
  • Correlational analyses examined the link between ERP measures and behavioral scores for spoken language comprehension within each group.

Main Results:

  • Both children with CIs and typically hearing children elicited an N400 effect, with no significant differences in amplitude or latency between the groups.
  • Children with CIs demonstrated significantly lower scores on behavioral measures of spoken word and sentence comprehension.
  • No significant correlations were found between ERP measures and behavioral outcomes in the CI group, though a trend was observed in the typically hearing group.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CIs appear to process lexical-semantic incongruence at a neural level comparable to typically hearing peers.
  • The N400 effect does not fully capture the complexities underlying spoken language difficulties in children with CIs.
  • Factors beyond semantic processing, not assessed by the N400, likely contribute to the observed language comprehension challenges in this population.