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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions
Published on: October 2, 2018
Caffeine release and absorption from caffeinated gums
Cecile Morris1, Sophie M Viriot2, Qurat U A Farooq Mirza1
1Food and Nutrition Division, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK. Cecile.Morris@shu.ac.uk.
Abstract:
The objectives of this study were to estimate the impact of chewing time on caffeine release from gum and to understand caffeine pharmacokinetics. Caffeine release increased with chewing time (2 min < 5 min < 10 min). Furthermore, two plasma caffeine concentration peaks were observed suggesting that caffeine absorption occurs both through the oral mucosa and gastrointestinal tract. This is of practical relevance to maximise caffeine doses and to synchronise effort with peak caffeine concentration.
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