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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
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In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
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[Abnormal ECG findings in athletes].

Pietro Delise1

  • 1U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale P. Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda (VR).

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Athlete's heart, a result of exercise, causes heart changes visible on EKGs. Sports cardiologists must distinguish these normal adaptations from dangerous underlying heart conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Adaptation

Background:

  • Athlete's heart results from exercise training, causing hypervagotonia and cardiac chamber enlargement.
  • These physiological changes manifest as specific electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations in athletes.
  • Common ECG findings include sinus bradycardia, AV blocks, and early repolarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate benign electrocardiogram alterations in athletes from potentially dangerous cardiac diseases.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenge faced by sports medicine physicians in athlete screening.
  • To identify preclinical signs of cardiac disease in athletes through electrocardiogram analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common and uncommon electrocardiogram findings in trained athletes.

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  • Analysis of physiological adaptations leading to cardiac chamber enlargement and hypervagotonia.
  • Comparison of electrocardiogram patterns between athletes and the general population.

    • Main Results:

    • Athletes commonly exhibit sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, increased QRS voltage, and early repolarization.
    • Uncommon or borderline electrocardiogram alterations may indicate preclinical cardiac disease.
    • Distinguishing physiological from pathological findings is crucial for athlete safety.

    Conclusions:

    • Athlete's heart presents with characteristic electrocardiogram changes due to training adaptations.
    • Incidental electrocardiogram findings in athletes require careful evaluation to rule out underlying pathology.
    • Differentiating benign athlete's heart adaptations from serious cardiac conditions is a key challenge in sports cardiology.