An overview on upper respiratory tract infections and bacteriotherapy as innovative therapeutic strategy
L M Bellussi1, F M Passali, M Ralli
1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, ENT Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. massimo.ralli@uniroma1.it.
Insights
Bacterial interference and bacteriotherapy show promise for preventing and treating recurring upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in children. These safe strategies utilize beneficial bacteria to outcompete harmful pathogens, offering a new therapeutic avenue.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Microbiology
- Microbiome research
Background:
- Recurring upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are common in children.
- Traditional treatments often focus on single pathogens or antibiotic resistance.
- The role of the microbial ecosystem in URTI pathogenesis is increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common URTI in children.
- To explore the potential of bacterial interference and bacteriotherapy for URTI prevention and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of URTI, including acute otitis media, adenoiditis, tonsillitis, and rhinosinusitis.
- Analysis of studies on microbiotics, bacterial interference, and bacteriotherapy.
Main Results:
- Recent evidence highlights the importance of the existing microbial ecosystem in respiratory disease.
- Bacteriotherapy involves introducing "effector" bacteria to prevent pathogen overgrowth.
- Studies indicate nasal sprays with specific bacteria (S. salivarius 24SMB, S. oralis 89a) may prevent recurrent otitis media.
- Bacteriotherapy has shown beneficial effects in preventing URTI in children.
Conclusions:
- Bacteriotherapy, leveraging bacterial interference, is a feasible and safe strategy for pediatric URTI.
- This approach warrants consideration as a promising therapeutic option for URTI.
Objective:
The aim of this review is to describe the most common recurring and chronic upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in children and discuss the role of bacterial interference and bacteriotherapy in their prevention and treatment.
Materials And Methods:
A literature review has been performed on the following topics: acute otitis media, adenoiditis, tonsillitis, rhinosinusitis, microbiotics and the role of bacterial interference, and bacteriotherapy in the prevention and treatment of URTI.
Results:
Research studies into the characteristics of the microbiological flora and its role in the pathogenesis of URTI have focused on a single pathogen, on resistance to and ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapies, or on the persistence of bacterial biofilm. Recent evidence supports a central role of the existing microbial ecosystem in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease. In light of this, new therapeutic approaches include the implantation and persistence within the normal microflora of relatively innocuous "effector" bacteria that can competitively exclude or prevent the outgrowth of potentially disease-causing bacteria. Recently, a retrospective and observational study demonstrated that S. salivarius 24SMB and S. oralis 89a nasal spray could be effective in the prevention of recurrent otitis media in a real-life setting. Other studies have focused on the role of bacteriotherapy in children with beneficial effects in the prevention of URTI.
Conclusions:
The results of previous studies on the role of bacteriotherapy in paediatric URTI suggest that the use of bacterial interference phenomena through bacteriotherapy is a feasible, safe approach and deserves proper consideration as a promising therapeutic strategy against URTI.
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