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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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DNA methylation in Marchantia polymorpha.

Adolfo Aguilar-Cruz1, Daniel Grimanelli2, Jim Haseloff3

  • 1Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.

The New Phytologist
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation, an epigenetic control of gene expression, is crucial for plant development. Studying this in the basal lineage liverwort Marchantia polymorpha offers new insights into its evolution and function.

Keywords:
DNA methylationMarchantia polymorphaRNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM)epigenetic reprogrammingepigenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression in plants.
  • Its alterations are linked to significant developmental abnormalities.
  • Research has primarily focused on model angiosperms like maize and Arabidopsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular basis and significance of DNA methylation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.
  • To expand understanding of DNA methylation's function and evolution in basal plant lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on DNA methylation in Marchantia polymorpha.
  • Comparative analysis with established model plants.

Main Results:

  • Marchantia polymorpha serves as a valuable model for studying DNA methylation.
  • Provides insights into conserved and divergent aspects of DNA methylation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Investigating DNA methylation in Marchantia polymorpha enhances our knowledge of its role in plant evolution and development.
  • Highlights the importance of studying diverse plant models to understand fundamental biological processes.