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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
Published on: September 19, 2019
Understanding the Systems, Contexts, Behaviors, and Strategies of Parents Advocating for Their Children With Down
Kristen Krueger1, Jessica D Cless1, Meghan Dyster1
1Kristen Krueger, Kansas State University; Jessica D. Cless, Washburn University; and Meghan Dyster, Mollie Reves, Robert Steele, and Briana S. Nelson Goff, Kansas State University.
Abstract:
In the current qualitative research study, we focused on understanding the ecological systems, contexts, behaviors, and strategies of parents ( N = 435) advocating for their children with an intellectual and developmental disability diagnosis, specifically Down syndrome (DS). Based on the data analysis, parents of children with DS advocate for their children frequently, in a variety of settings, with different actions, attitudes, motivations, and outcomes. The most common settings where advocacy occurred were primarily school and healthcare systems. The goals of parents often included inclusiveness, equality, and acceptance, whereas a few parents reported advocating due to discrimination and judgment. Implications for further research and professional practice also are described.
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