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Parathyroid Diseases.

Scott A Sullivan1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parathyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, though rare, can cause serious maternal and infant complications. Hyperparathyroidism is typically treated with surgery, while hypoparathyroidism is managed with diet and vitamin D.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Parathyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, while uncommon, poses significant risks for maternal and perinatal health.
  • Hyperparathyroidism affects 0.5% of pregnancies, commonly caused by parathyroid adenomas (80% of cases).
  • Hypoparathyroidism incidence is 0.2%, often resulting from post-surgical parathyroid gland damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the prevalence, causes, and management of parathyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.
  • To highlight the importance of addressing parathyroid disorders for improved maternal and infant outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of parathyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of prevalence, etiology, and treatment strategies for hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.

Main Results:

  • Single parathyroid adenoma is the most frequent cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy.
  • Surgical intervention offers an excellent cure rate for primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent and linked to perinatal morbidity, but is correctable.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and management of parathyroid dysfunction are crucial in pregnancy.
  • Surgical treatment is definitive for hyperparathyroidism, while hypoparathyroidism management involves dietary adjustments and vitamin D.
  • Addressing vitamin D deficiency can mitigate associated perinatal complications.