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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
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Frontal Sinus Osteoma: From Direct Excision to Endoscopic Removal.

Yasiru G Karunaratne1, Dakshika A Gunaratne2, Peter Floros3

  • 1Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Frontal sinus osteomas are benign tumors. Endoscopic surgery offers a less invasive option with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays compared to open surgery for osteoma removal.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Frontal sinus osteomas are benign bone-forming neoplasms.
  • Advancements in endoscopic surgery enable less invasive removal techniques.
  • Systematic literature review for management analysis and recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and provide recommendations for the management of frontal sinus osteomas.
  • To compare the outcomes of open versus endoscopic surgical approaches.
  • To evaluate the impact of surgical approach on complications and recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 193 publications involving 1399 patients.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, symptoms, osteoma location, and extension.
  • Comparison of surgical approaches (open, endoscopic, combined) and their outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Male predominance (59.2%), mean age 42.1 years.
  • Common symptoms include pain (70.8%), sinonasal (36.4%), and orbital/ocular (20.7%).
  • Endoscopic approaches show a significant increase over time, with lower complication rates (7.5%) and shorter hospital stays (3.1 days) compared to open surgery (27% complications, 7.9 days stay).
  • Complete resection (87.8%) is a predictor of reduced recurrence/progression.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic approaches for frontal sinus osteoma removal are associated with reduced morbidity and length of stay.
  • Indications for endoscopic versus open approaches have expanded due to evolving techniques and understanding.
  • Complete resection is crucial for preventing disease recurrence or progression.