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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

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A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of...
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

63.7K
An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
63.7K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.4K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups
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Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups

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A new perylene-based fluorescent pH chemosensor for strongly acidic condition.

Fei Ye1, Xiao-Min Liang1, Nan Wu1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|March 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel pH chemosensor, N,N-bis[(2-thiophene)-ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (TEPTD), offers high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting acidic conditions. This fluorescent probe enables naked-eye distinction of pH levels, even in highly acidic environments.

Keywords:
PETPerylened derivativesProtonationSchiff basepH Chemosensor

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids
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Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids
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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of selective and sensitive chemosensors is crucial for accurate pH monitoring.
  • Perylene diimide derivatives offer unique photophysical properties for sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel, highly selective, and sensitive pH chemosensor.
  • To investigate the photophysical properties and sensing mechanism of the developed probe.
  • To evaluate the probe's utility in distinguishing acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of N,N-bis[(2-thiophene)-ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (TEPTD) via Schiff-base condensation.
  • Characterization of photophysical properties including fluorescence spectroscopy and Stokes shifts.
  • Protonation studies using 1H NMR titration with trifluoroacetic acid to elucidate sensing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized TEPTD probe exhibits excellent selectivity, water solubility, and photostability.
  • The probe demonstrates a pKa of 3.0, suitable for highly acidic conditions.
  • Fluorescence intensity increases upon H+ addition, enabling naked-eye detection of pH changes.

Conclusions:

  • TEPTD serves as a highly effective and convenient fluorescent probe for pH sensing.
  • The sensing mechanism involves photo-induced electron transfer, protonation, and deprotonation.
  • The probe facilitates straightforward visual differentiation of acidic from neutral or alkaline solutions.