Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product
Published on: August 23, 2019
Alcohol Production by Fish Spoilage Bacteria
Aejaz Ahamed1, Jack R Matches1
1Institute for Food Science and Technology, College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
Abstract:
Bacterial isolates (244) identified to genera were tested for their ability to produce ethanol, isopropanol and propanol in a fish tissue extract. All of the isolates produced ethanol and 241 and 227 produced isopropanol and propanol, respectively. One high alcohol producing member of each of the groups Moraxella -like, Pseudomonas , Flavobacterium , Micrococcus and coryneforms was selected for utilization of fish components as substrates in production of alcohol. The substrates tested included four sugars, nine amino acids and lactic and pyruvic acids. Although there were some variations in the levels of alcohols produced by the test organisms from the substrates, the organisms appeared to prefer simple 5 and 6 carbon sugars and then utilized the free amino acids. The level of oxygenation greatly affected the levels of alcohols produced.
Related Concept Videos
Osmoregulation in Fishes
Oxidation of Alcohols
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Protection of Alcohols
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group. The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2, depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...

