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Related Concept Videos

Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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The Placebo Effect01:54

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The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

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Cannabinoids, interoception, and anxiety.

Allyson K Andrade1, Briana Renda1, Jennifer E Murray1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabis use, particularly its main component Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), may influence anxiety. Research indicates biphasic effects: lower doses can reduce anxiety, while higher doses may increase it.

Keywords:
AnxietyCannabisConditioningInsulaInteroceptionTetrahydrocannabinol

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Cannabis Research

Background:

  • Increasing legal status of cannabis necessitates understanding its effects.
  • Cannabis use is linked to mental health disorders, potentially due to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
  • The endocannabinoid system and cannabis constituents' impact on anxiety requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of endocannabinoid activation and cannabis constituents on subjective interoceptive states, specifically anxiety.
  • To explore the relationship between cannabinoid receptor activity and anxiety expression.

Main Methods:

  • Human studies utilize self-report questionnaires for subjective anxiety.
  • Non-human studies employ behavioral paradigms like the elevated plus maze and fear conditioning.
  • Review of existing literature on cannabinoid activation and anxiety.

Main Results:

  • Both endogenous and exogenous cannabinoid activation show biphasic effects on anxiety.
  • Lower doses of cannabinoids generally exhibit anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) properties.
  • Higher doses of cannabinoids are often perceived as anxiogenic (anxiety-producing).

Conclusions:

  • Significant research limitations exist due to historical regulatory controls on cannabis and THC.
  • Further investigation is needed into the complex interactions between cannabinoid activity and anxiety.
  • Changes in legal status may facilitate future research into cannabis and anxiety.