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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Anti-inflammatory constituents from Cortex Dictamni.

Shengcai Yang1, Fan Sun1, Jingya Ruan1

  • 1Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.

Fitoterapia
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Eight new compounds and 23 known ones were isolated from Cortex Dictamni. Several compounds showed potential anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric oxide production in macrophages.

Keywords:
AlkaloidsAnti-inflammatoryCortex DictamniNO productionPhenolic acidsRAW264.7 cell

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cortex Dictamni (Phellodendron chinense) is a traditional Chinese medicine.
  • Its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new and known compounds from Cortex Dictamni.
  • To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of isolated compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction and isolation using 70% EtOH extract.
  • Structure elucidation through spectroscopic evidence (NMR, etc.).
  • In vitro anti-inflammatory assay using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Eight new compounds (dictamalkosides A-C, dictamphenosides A-E) and 23 known compounds were identified.
  • Fourteen compounds were reported from the Dictamnus genus for the first time.
  • Compounds 1-8, 12, 18-21, 27, and 31 demonstrated potential inhibitory effects on NO production.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified novel chemical entities from Cortex Dictamni.
  • Alkaloids and phenolic acids in Cortex Dictamni may possess anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Further research into these compounds could lead to new anti-inflammatory therapeutics.