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Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children: 2009-2015

Sanjay Mahant1,2, Matt Hall3, Amanda C Schondelmeyer4,5

  • 1Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; sanjay.mahant@sickkids.ca.

Pediatrics
|March 30, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection incidence rose significantly from 2009-2015. This increase in HSV infections led to substantial healthcare utilization and costs, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infections
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection poses a significant threat to infant health.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and healthcare burden of neonatal HSV is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence, mortality, and healthcare utilization associated with neonatal HSV infections.
  • To analyze trends in neonatal HSV infection over a defined period.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted using a multistate Medicaid claims database.
  • Neonates hospitalized with HSV infection between 2009 and 2015 were identified and followed for six months post-discharge.
  • Incidence rates were adjusted for diagnostic code accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The corrected incidence rate of neonatal HSV infection was 4.5 per 10,000 births.
  • A 56% increase in yearly disease incidence was observed from 2009 to 2015.
  • Mortality during index hospitalization was 6.0%, with substantial healthcare use including emergency department visits and readmissions, incurring significant costs.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal HSV infection incidence has increased in a Medicaid population over a recent seven-year period.
  • The associated healthcare utilization and financial burden are substantial.
  • Public health strategies for disease prevention and early diagnosis are urgently required.
Abstract

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