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Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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[Video Assisted Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm Repair].

Jun Yokote1, Yukifusa Yokoyama, Taiyou Kuroda

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a successful surgical repair of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm using bovine pericardial patches. Intraoperative endoscopy helped prevent mitral regurgitation during the procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Subacute myocardial infarction can lead to complications like left ventricular pseudoaneurysms.
  • Mitral regurgitation is a significant concern in patients with left ventricular wall defects.

Observation:

  • An 80-year-old male presented with myocardial infarction and moderate mitral regurgitation.
  • Echocardiography revealed rapidly growing aneurysmal changes in the left ventricular posterior wall.
  • Multi-detector row computed tomography confirmed a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.

Findings:

  • Surgical repair of the pseudoaneurysm was performed using 2-layer bovine pericardial patches.
  • Intraoperative endoscopy of the left ventricle guided suture placement to avoid mitral regurgitation.
  • The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged on the 12th day.

Implications:

  • Endoscopic inspection of the intraventricular apparatus is valuable for preventing mitral valve insufficiency.
  • This technique aids in maintaining optimal left ventricular shape post-repair.
  • Surgical management of left ventricular pseudoaneurysms can be effectively achieved with intraoperative endoscopic guidance.