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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level01:16

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The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in  probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the...
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Critical Values01:31

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A critical value is a definite value obtained from a particular probability distribution at a predecided confidence level (or a predecided significance level) for a given population parameter. The critical value provides demarcation that separates the sample statistics that are likely to occur from the ones that are unlikely to occur based on the given probability distribution and the population parameter to be estimated. The critical value for normal distribution is obtained from the z...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness
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Gut integrity in critical illness.

Shunsuke Otani1,2,3, Craig M Coopersmith1

  • 11Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite WMB 5105, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.

Journal of Intensive Care
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The gut is crucial for health but is injured in critical illness, worsening organ dysfunction. Understanding gut integrity in critical illness may reveal new intensive care unit therapies.

Keywords:
ApoptosisBacteriaCritical illnessEpitheliumGutIntensive care unitIntestineMicrobiomePathobiomeSepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut is vital for health, acting as a barrier and immune coordinator.
  • In critical illness, gut injury is hypothesized to drive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gut integrity in health and critical illness.
  • To highlight therapeutic strategies targeting the gut in the intensive care unit.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gut physiology and pathology in critical illness.
  • Analysis of changes in intestinal epithelium, barrier function, and microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Basal gut functions include nutrient absorption and immune defense.
  • Critical illness causes epithelial apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and impaired barrier function (intestinal hyperpermeability).
  • The gut microbiome shifts to a pathobiome, increasing disease-promoting bacteria and virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Gut injury in critical illness contributes to distant organ damage.
  • Targeting the intestine offers potential therapeutic benefits for critically ill patients.