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Psychosocial Burden of Undiagnosed Persistent ADHD Symptoms in 12-Year-Old Children: A Population-Based Birth Cohort

Yasuyuki Okumura1, Syudo Yamasaki1, Shuntaro Ando1,2

  • 1Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|March 30, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Many children with persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms remain undiagnosed, significantly impacting their psychosocial functioning, including self-esteem and peer relationships.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Persistent symptoms of ADHD can significantly affect a child's development and well-being.
  • Underdiagnosis of ADHD may lead to unmet needs and poorer outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychosocial functioning of children with persistent, undiagnosed ADHD symptoms.
  • To highlight the prevalence and impact of underdiagnosed ADHD in a population-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, population-based birth cohort study in Tokyo, Japan.
  • Follow-up of 2,945 children at ages 10 and 12 years.
  • Parental reports on ADHD diagnosis history and psychosocial functioning using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • 91 children had persistent ADHD symptoms, with 83.5% lacking a formal diagnosis.
  • Undiagnosed ADHD was linked to significantly worse psychosocial functioning.
  • Specific impairments included lower self-esteem, higher depression, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and peer relationship difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of children with persistent ADHD symptoms are undiagnosed.
  • Underdiagnosis of ADHD is associated with significant psychosocial challenges.
  • Increased attention to identifying and diagnosing ADHD in children is crucial.

Keywords:
overdiagnosisovertreatmentpsychosocial impairmentunderdiagnosis

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