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Predicting Early-Childhood Gender Transitions.

James R Rae1,2, Selin Gülgöz3, Lily Durwood3

  • 11 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Social transitions in gender-nonconforming children are predictable. Children’s gender identification and preferences at initial testing predicted later social transition, suggesting stability in gender identity.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gender Studies
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • An increasing number of gender-nonconforming children are socially transitioning.
  • Social transition involves changing pronouns to align with their identified gender.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate predictors of social transition in gender-nonconforming children.
  • To compare the gender identification of children who socially transition with those who do not and with transgender and gender-conforming children.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 85 gender-nonconforming children, recontacted approximately 2 years later.
  • Assessment of gender identification and preferences at initial testing.
  • Comparison with groups of already transitioned transgender children (n=84) and gender-conforming controls (n=85).

Main Results:

  • 36 of the 85 gender-nonconforming children socially transitioned within 2 years.
  • Stronger cross-sex identification and preferences predicted later social transition.
  • Children who later transitioned were similar to transgender children and controls of their affirmed gender, while those not transitioning differed.

Conclusions:

  • Social transitions in gender-nonconforming children appear predictable based on early gender identification and preferences.
  • Gender identification and preferences show stability, with no meaningful differences observed before and after social transition.