Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme
07:23

Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme

Published on: November 28, 2011

12.5K

Craniofacial and occlusal development in 2.5-year-old children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Saara Markkanen1, Pekka Niemi2, Markus Rautiainen1,3

  • 1Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital.

European Journal of Orthodontics
|March 30, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Early signs of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) include narrower inter canine width and a tendency for mouth breathing in 2.5-year-olds. Larger adenoid size was also observed in children with OSAS.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Craniofacial Development

Background:

  • Pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is linked to craniofacial and occlusal development changes.
  • Knowledge regarding the early onset of these changes in young children is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early craniofacial and occlusal changes in 2.5-year-old children diagnosed with OSAS.
  • To assess dental arch morphology, occlusion, facial profile, tonsil size, breathing habits, and BMI in relation to early OSAS.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 52 children was studied, with 9 diagnosed with OSAS via polysomnography.
  • Comparison between children with OSAS and non-snoring children (18 participants) on polysomnographic, otorhinolaryngological, and dental variables.

Main Results:

  • Children with OSAS exhibited narrower inter canine width compared to non-snoring peers (P=0.032).
  • Larger adenoid size relative to nasopharyngeal volume (P=0.020) and a greater tendency for mouth breathing (P=0.002) were noted in the OSAS group.
  • No significant differences were found in palatine tonsil size, occlusal characteristics, soft tissue profile, or BMI.

Conclusions:

  • Narrower upper inter canine width, larger adenoid size, and mouth breathing tendency are observable in 2.5-year-old children with OSAS.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is required to confirm these findings and explore other potential craniofacial developmental changes.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.6K
Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development09:25

Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development

Published on: March 24, 2011

9.9K

Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
859
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.4K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
1.4K
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
516
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
950
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
411