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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
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TRPM2 in Cancer.

Barbara A Miller1

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.

Cell Calcium
|March 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The TRP ion channel TRPM2 is crucial for cancer cell survival by regulating proliferation and mitochondrial function. Inhibiting TRPM2 shows promise as a therapeutic strategy across various cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Ion Channel Physiology

Background:

  • The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) ion channel is implicated in cell survival, particularly under oxidative stress.
  • TRPM2 is highly expressed in numerous cancers, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, melanoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma, suggesting a role in promoting cancer cell survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of TRPM2-mediated calcium signaling in regulating cancer cell growth and survival.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which TRPM2 influences cancer progression and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating TRPM2 function in various cancer types.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways activated by TRPM2, including transcription factors and kinases.
Keywords:
CREBCancerHIF-1αMitochondriaROSTRPM2

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  • Examination of the impact of TRPM2 inhibition on tumor cell viability and chemotherapy sensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • TRPM2 activation by ADP-ribose (ADPR) under oxidative stress leads to calcium influx, promoting cancer cell survival.
    • Activated TRPM2 upregulates transcription factors (HIF-1/2α, CREB, Nrf2) and kinases (Pyk2, Src), influencing cell proliferation, mitochondrial function, and antioxidant responses.
    • Inhibition of TRPM2 impairs mitochondrial function, reduces bioenergetics, increases ROS, and inhibits autophagy and DNA repair, leading to decreased tumor growth and enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • TRPM2 plays a significant role in the survival and proliferation of various cancer cells.
    • Targeting TRPM2 presents a potential novel therapeutic avenue for numerous malignancies, although some controversies exist regarding its dual role in certain cancers.