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Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....

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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Neuroimaging in Dementias.

Sowmya Mahalingam¹, Ming-Kai Chen¹

¹Department of Radiology of Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Seminars in Neurology

|March 30, 2019

Summary

This review explores multimodality imaging for diagnosing dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its differentials. Advanced techniques like amyloid and tau PET scans are improving diagnostic accuracy.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology
Geriatrics

Background:

Dementia is a growing global health concern, exacerbated by an aging population.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for 50-60% of all dementia cases.
Other common dementias include frontotemporal lobar dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease dementia, and vascular dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of dementia, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease.
To discuss the evolving applications of neuroimaging beyond excluding reversible causes.
To highlight the potential of novel molecular imaging techniques in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on dementia diagnosis using neuroimaging.

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Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

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Published on: November 6, 2017

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Published on: July 24, 2010

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Discussion of conventional imaging modalities like FDG-PET and MRI.

Exploration of advanced molecular imaging techniques, including amyloid PET and tau PET.

Main Results:

Neuroimaging is increasingly vital for definitive dementia diagnosis, especially in prodromal stages.
Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aid in differential diagnosis.
Amyloid PET and tau PET enhance diagnostic certainty, particularly in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

Multimodality imaging is crucial for accurate dementia diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Emerging molecular imaging techniques show significant promise for future clinical application.
This review emphasizes the integrated use of various imaging modalities for comprehensive dementia assessment.