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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.0K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.0K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.7K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.5K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.5K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.6K
6.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.1K

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Related Experiment Video

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Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells
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Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells

Published on: April 25, 2011

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Generally applicable transcriptome-wide analysis of translation using anota2seq.

Christian Oertlin1, Julie Lorent1, Carl Murie1

  • 1Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Nucleic Acids Research
|March 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed anota2seq, a new algorithm that accurately analyzes mRNA translation and identifies translational buffering, a key gene expression regulator. This tool advances our understanding of translation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • mRNA translation is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of translation contributes to diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders.
  • Current methods for analyzing translatomes are underdeveloped and lack universal applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a superior algorithm for analyzing changes in mRNA translation.
  • To enable the identification of translational buffering as a gene expression regulatory mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the anota2seq algorithm for statistical analysis of translatomes.
  • Comparative analysis of anota2seq against existing methods for identifying translational changes.

Main Results:

  • The anota2seq algorithm demonstrates superior performance in identifying translational regulation.
  • Anota2seq uniquely identifies translational buffering, where protein levels are maintained despite mRNA fluctuations.
  • The algorithm provides efficient and unprecedented interrogation of translatomes.

Conclusions:

  • Anota2seq offers a significant advancement in analyzing translational control.
  • This algorithm is expected to enhance knowledge of translation's role in homeostasis and disease.
  • The identification of translational buffering opens new avenues for understanding gene expression regulation.