Review of axillary web syndrome: What the radiologist should know

Axillary web syndrome is common after axillary surgery, frequently affecting breast cancer patients. In this condition, patients develop one or more linear bands of firm tissue, also known as "cords", in the axilla and arm, associated with pain and limited range of motion of the shoulder and arm. Radiologists may encounter this syndrome in patients referred for axillary or upper extremity ultrasound, and should be aware of the physical examination and ultrasound findings for accurate diagnosis. However, there are currently limited articles about this syndrome published in radiology journals, suggesting that radiologists may be unaware of this entity. In this work, axillary web syndrome will be discussed, including background knowledge, incidence, clinical presentation, possible etiology, and ultrasound appearance.