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Visual expectations change subjective experience without changing performance.

Lau Møller Andersen1, Morten Overgaard2, Frank Tong3

  • 1NatMEG, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Consciousness and Cognition
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual expectations influence subjective experience quality but not objective performance. Distinct expectations lead to more dichotomous subjective reports, especially away from the objective threshold.

Keywords:
ConsciousnessExpectationsMetacognitionPerceptionSubjective experienceVisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception

Background:

  • Subjective experiences are believed to be influenced by visual expectations.
  • Understanding this influence is key to comprehending human perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual expectations affect objective performance and subjective perception in a recognition task.
  • To explore the nature of subjective experiences (dichotomous vs. graded).

Main Methods:

  • A 2-alternative-forced-choice digit recognition task with brief, masked stimuli.
  • Manipulation of visual expectations using cued sets of possible digits.
  • Analysis of objective performance and subjective ratings.

Main Results:

  • Visual expectations altered subjective experience quality without changing objective performance capabilities.
  • Subjective experiences were graded near the objective threshold and dichotomous further away.
  • Distinct expectations led to more dichotomous subjective experience distributions.
  • Objective performance improved with stimulus duration only for experiences rated as perceived.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective experience quality is dependent on cognitive context, including attention, task demands, and expectations.
  • The interplay between objective performance and subjective ratings is modulated by stimulus duration.
  • Findings contribute to the debate on the graded versus dichotomous nature of subjective experience.