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Malnutrition and the heart.

J G Webb, M C Kiess, C C Chan-Yan

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne

|October 1, 1986

Summary

Malnutrition causes heart muscle loss, impacting cardiac output. Nutritional support can improve heart function but may pose short-term risks for malnourished patients.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Nutrition Science
Internal Medicine

Background:

Previously, the heart was thought to be spared during malnutrition.
Inadequate protein and energy intake leads to proportional loss of skeletal and myocardial muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cardiac implications of malnutrition and nutritional supplementation.
To examine the effects of nutritional support on cardiac function in specific patient groups.

Main Methods:

The study reviews existing concepts and clinical implications regarding malnutrition and cardiac function.
It discusses the physiological changes in the heart due to inadequate nutrition and the impact of nutritional supplementation.

Main Results:

Malnutrition causes a decrease in myocardial mass, reducing cardiac output.
Nutritional supplementation can reverse compensatory mechanisms but may increase short-term heart failure risk.
Severe cardiac issues can lead to malnutrition and myocardial atrophy.

Conclusions:

Nutritional support can improve cardiac function in patients with cardiac cachexia and those at risk of sudden death from arrhythmias.
Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized patients, necessitating attention to its cardiac consequences and the role of nutritional supplementation.

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