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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

SSVEP-based Experimental Procedure for Brain-Robot Interaction with Humanoid Robots

SSVEP-based Experimental Procedure for Brain-Robot Interaction with Humanoid Robots

Published on: November 24, 2015

Do We Adopt the Intentional Stance Toward Humanoid Robots?

Serena Marchesi^1,2, Davide Ghiglino^1,3, Francesca Ciardo¹

¹Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction Unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychology

|April 2, 2019

Summary

People can adopt the intentional stance towards artificial agents, like robots. Research shows individuals sometimes explain robot behavior using mental states, not just mechanics.

Keywords:

humanoid robots human–robot interaction intentional stance mental states mentalizing social cognition

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Human-Robot Interaction
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Efficient social navigation relies on the intentional stance, explaining behavior via mental states.
Increasing interaction with artificial agents necessitates understanding human responses to them.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if humans adopt the intentional stance towards artificial agents.
To develop a tool for assessing the intentional stance in human-robot interaction.

Main Methods:

A questionnaire was developed to probe participants' stance towards an iCub robot.
Participants explained robot behavior in a naturalistic scenario, choosing between mentalistic and mechanistic explanations.

Main Results:

Explanations showed a bias towards the mechanistic stance.
A significant number of mentalistic explanations were also provided for the robot's behavior.

Conclusions:

The intentional stance can be induced towards artificial agents.
Context plays a role in the adoption of the intentional stance with AI.