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A Case of Pulmonary Mycetoma Caused by Paecilomyces variotii

Diogo Paixão Marques1, Joana Carvalho2, Sara Rocha1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|April 2, 2019
PubMed

Insights

This study reports the first case of pulmonary mycetoma caused by Paecilomyces variotii in an immunocompromised patient. Paecilomyces infections are rare but increasingly recognized in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Fungal infections caused by Paecilomyces species are rare.
  • While typically affecting immunocompromised individuals, Paecilomyces is increasingly identified in immunocompetent hosts.
  • Paecilomyces variotii and P. lilacinus are the most frequent human pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first documented case of pulmonary mycetoma caused by Paecilomyces variotii.
  • To highlight the potential of Paecilomyces variotii to cause rare pulmonary infections.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an 84-year-old immunocompromised patient with interstitial lung disease.
  • Isolation and identification of Paecilomyces variotii from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture.
  • Literature review for similar cases.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed pulmonary mycetoma.
  • Paecilomyces variotii was successfully isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  • Only one similar case was found in the literature, without specific Paecilomyces species identification.

Conclusions:

  • Paecilomyces species are infrequent causes of human fungal infections, predominantly seen in immunocompromised patients.
  • Paecilomyces variotii is a common pathogen associated with various infections including peritonitis, pneumonia, and endophthalmitis.
  • This is the first reported case of pulmonary mycetoma specifically caused by Paecilomyces variotii.
Keywords:
Paecilomyces variotiiimmunosuppressioninterstitial lung diseasemycetoma

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