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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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A 1.5 Hour Procedure for Identification of Enterococcus Species Directly from Blood Cultures
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Enterococcus gallinarum Causing Native Valve Endocarditis.

Teresa Dias1, José de Almeida2, Arsénio Santos1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|April 2, 2019
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Enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis is a rare infection, typically seen in older individuals. This bacterium is naturally resistant to vancomycin but usually susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Endocarditis caused by Enterococcus gallinarum is uncommon.
  • Infections often originate from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts.
  • Aortic valve involvement and subsequent heart failure are frequent complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of Enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis.
  • To highlight the clinical presentation and antibiotic susceptibility of this pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Review of antibiotic susceptibility patterns for Enterococcus gallinarum.

Main Results:

  • A case of Enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis on a normal native heart valve is described.
  • Enterococcus gallinarum exhibits intrinsic resistance to vancomycin.
  • Most strains are susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis is a rare clinical entity.
  • Vancomycin resistance is a key characteristic of this organism.
  • Penicillin and ampicillin remain potential treatment options.