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Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

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3D bioprinting for modelling vasculature.

Pranabesh Sasmal1, Pallab Datta1, Yang Wu2,3

  • 1Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, India.

Microphysiological Systems
|April 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers a reproducible and scalable method for creating in vitro vasculature models. This review compares different bioprinting techniques and discusses future directions for vascular tissue engineering.

Keywords:
3D printingBioprintingbioinktissue modelsvasculature

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • In vivo models are crucial for studying tissue development but have limitations.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers a reproducible and scalable in vitro alternative.
  • Conventional microfluidic methods lack the precise 3D control of bioprinting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various 3D bioprinting techniques for vasculature model fabrication.
  • To discuss alternative biomaterial-free approaches using cell aggregates.
  • To explore advancements in micro-vasculature construction and future prospects.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of extrusion-, droplet-, and laser-based bioprinting techniques.
  • Discussion of hydrogel-based bioinks and biomaterial-free cell aggregates (spheroids, pellets).
  • Analysis of strategies for fabricating micro-vasculature constructs.

Main Results:

  • 3D bioprinting enables precise control over vascular construct fabrication.
  • Both hydrogel bioinks and cell aggregates are viable for vascular modeling.
  • Progress has been made in creating micro-vasculature for enhanced physiological relevance.

Conclusions:

  • 3D bioprinting is a promising technology for developing in vitro vasculature models.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations in fabricating large-scale vascular networks.
  • Bioprinting holds significant potential for advancing vascular tissue engineering and disease modeling.