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Golgi and secreted galactosyltransferase.

G J Strous

    CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Galactosyltransferase (GT) is a Golgi enzyme crucial for glycosylation. Its study reveals insights into Golgi function, with soluble forms found in body fluids and elevated levels in cancer patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Glycobiology

    Background:

    • Galactosyltransferase (GT) is a key glycosyltransferase enzyme.
    • It is localized to the Golgi complex, serving as a marker enzyme in cell fractionation.
    • Its study enhances understanding of Golgi complex function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the biosynthesis, membrane orientation, and turnover of Galactosyltransferase (GT).
    • To elucidate the role of GT in glycosylation pathways within the Golgi complex.
    • To explore the presence and significance of soluble GT in biological fluids and its association with cancer.

    Main Methods:

    • Immunocytochemistry for enzyme localization.
    • Cell fractionation studies utilizing GT as a marker.
    • Metabolic studies in HeLa and human hepatoma cell lines.
    • Analysis of enzyme half-life and release into the culture medium.

    Main Results:

    • GT is localized to Golgi cisternae and oriented towards the lumen.
    • It catalyzes galactose transfer to N-linked oligosaccharides and O-glycosylation.
    • GT is synthesized in the RER, processed in the Golgi, and has a half-life of approximately 20 hours.
    • A soluble form of GT is released into the medium and found in body fluids.
    • Elevated GT activity is observed in ovarian and breast cancer patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Galactosyltransferase (GT) is a vital Golgi-resident enzyme involved in complex glycosylation.
    • The release of soluble GT into extracellular environments is a common phenomenon across cell lines.
    • Soluble GT in body fluids may have diagnostic implications, particularly in cancer, though its biological significance requires further investigation.

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