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Tooth Loss Increases the Risk of Diminished Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
D Cerutti-Kopplin1, J Feine2, D M Padilha1
11 Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
JDR Clinical and Translational Research
|April 2, 2019
Summary
Losing teeth is linked to a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia in adults. Maintaining good oral health, including preserving natural teeth, may help reduce the risk of these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Public Health
Background:
- Emerging evidence indicates a connection between oral health and cognitive function.
- Prospective cohort studies are crucial for understanding this relationship in adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze prospective cohort studies assessing the association between oral health and cognitive function in adults.
- To quantify the risk of cognitive decline and dementia associated with suboptimal dentition.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycoINFO, and Cochrane Library databases.
- Inclusion of 10 prospective cohort studies (8 in meta-analysis) examining oral health and cognitive status.
- Random effects model used for pooled hazard ratio (HR) calculations with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- Individuals with fewer than 20 teeth (<20) had a significantly higher risk of cognitive decline (HR=1.26) and dementia (HR=1.22) compared to those with optimal dentition (≥20).
- Low statistical heterogeneity was observed in the random effects analysis.
- Conflicting results were found regarding the association between periodontal disease and cognitive status.
Conclusions:
- Tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.
- Findings support the hypothesis linking oral health to cognitive health.
- Oral health strategies focused on tooth preservation may play a role in reducing systemic disease risk.
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