Creation of Cultures Containing Mutations Linked with Cardiovascular Diseases using Transfection and Genome Editing

In this review article, we analyzed the literature on the creation of cultures containing mutations associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome.

We described different methods of transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome, used in the literature.

We reviewed the researches in which the creation of сell cultures containing mutations was described. According to the literature, system CRISPR/Cas9 proved to be the most preferred method for editing the genome. We found rather promising and interesting a practically undeveloped direction of mitochondria transfection using a gene gun. Such a gun can direct a genetically-engineered construct containing human DNA mutations to the mitochondria using heavy metal particles. However, in human molecular genetics, the transfection method using a gene gun is unfairly forgotten and is almost never used. Ethical problems arising from editing the human genome were also discussed in our review. We came to a conclusion that it is impossible to stop scientific and technical progress. It is important that the editing of the genome takes place under the strict control of society and does not bear dangerous consequences for humanity. To achieve this, the constant interaction of science with society, culture and business is necessary.

The most promising methods for the creation of cell cultures containing mutations linked with cardiovascular diseases, were system CRISPR/Cas9 and the gene gun.