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Risk factors for abdominal wall defects.

Melanie Kapapa1, Teresa Rieg1, Doris Henne-Bruns1

  • 1Department of Surgery (Paediatric Surgery Section), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Congenital Anomalies
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Summary

Maternal age, antibiotic use, and alcohol consumption are linked to gastroschisis (GS). Omphalocele (OC) risk increases with hormonal treatment and prenatal diagnostics. Understanding these factors aids in managing abdominal wall defects.

Keywords:
gastroschisishormonal treatmentinvasive prenatal diagnosticsomphalocelerisk

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal medicine
  • Maternal-fetal health
  • Congenital anomalies

Background:

  • Gastroschisis (GS) and omphalocele (OC) are congenital abdominal wall defects (AWD) with increasing prevalence.
  • Identifying maternal risk factors is crucial for understanding and potentially preventing AWD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify maternal risk factors associated with gastroschisis (GS).
  • To differentiate risk factors between gastroschisis (GS) and omphalocele (OC).

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing mothers with GS (n=36) and OC (n=18) to a control group (CG, n=30).
  • Data collected via specialized questionnaires, prenatal records, and structured interviews focusing on medical history, nutrition, drug use, and external factors.

Main Results:

  • GS mothers were significantly younger, had lower socioeconomic status, shorter cohabitation times, and lower folic acid prophylaxis intake compared to OC and CG.
  • GS mothers reported higher alcohol consumption, while OC incidence correlated with hormonal treatment and invasive prenatal diagnostics.
  • Antibiotic use was more frequent in mothers with AWD compared to CG; smoking, illicit drugs, and herbicides showed no significant influence.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of young maternal age, short cohabitation, antibiotic use, alcohol consumption, and immune diseases increases gastroschisis risk.
  • Omphalocele risk is associated with hormonal treatments and invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures.