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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

49.5K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

5.6K
The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

2.7K
If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Zero-Magnetic Field Fractional Quantum States.

S Kumar1,2, M Pepper1,2, S N Holmes3

  • 1London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|April 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) fractions were observed without magnetic fields in a 1D quantum wire. Electron relaxation formed zigzag arrays, enabling manipulation of these novel fractional states.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) typically requires strong magnetic fields and Landau levels.
  • Theoretical predictions of fractional conductance quantization without magnetic fields have remained unobserved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and manipulate fractional conductance quantization in the absence of Landau levels.
  • To investigate the role of electron system relaxation and confinement asymmetry in forming new fractional states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a low-density electron system in a GaAs-based one-dimensional (1D) quantum wire.
  • Allowed the 1D system to relax in the second dimension, forming a zigzag electron array.
  • Applied symmetric and asymmetric confinement potentials and an in-plane magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • Observed both odd and even denominator fractional conductance quantization without a quantizing magnetic field.
  • Enhanced the appearance of new fractional states by increasing confinement asymmetry.
  • An in-plane magnetic field induced new even denominator fractions, suggesting electron pairing.

Conclusions:

  • Electron relaxation in 1D quantum wires can lead to observable fractional states without magnetic fields.
  • Confinement asymmetry and in-plane magnetic fields offer pathways to control and engineer these fractional states.
  • These findings have significant implications for low-dimensional electron systems and the development of quantum technologies, including quantum computation.