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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Shear Diagram01:27

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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
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Dimensionality and Viscosity Exponent in Shear-driven Jamming.

Peter Olsson1

  • 1Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|April 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shear-driven jamming in 3D frictionless particles differs from 2D behavior. Critical exponents reveal distinct universality classes, challenging previous assumptions about dimensionality in jamming transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Jamming phenomena in particulate matter are crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Previous studies often assumed universality across dimensions for jamming transitions.
  • Shear-driven jamming dynamics present a unique pathway to jamming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the behavior of bidisperse frictionless particles under shear-driven jamming in three dimensions (3D) versus two dimensions (2D).
  • To determine if shear-driven jamming exhibits dimensional universality.
  • To identify critical exponents governing the jamming transition in 3D.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of bidisperse frictionless particles at zero temperature.
  • Application of shear-driven dynamics to induce jamming.
  • Analysis of critical exponents and comparison between 2D and 3D systems.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to prevailing theories, critical exponents in 3D differ significantly from those in 2D.
  • Shear-driven jamming in 2D and 3D systems do not belong to the same universality class.
  • Findings challenge the notion of dimensional universality in shear-induced jamming.

Conclusions:

  • Shear-driven jamming is not dimensionally universal.
  • The dimensionality of the system fundamentally alters the critical behavior of jamming.
  • This study necessitates a re-evaluation of jamming universality across different dimensions and driving mechanisms.