Tuning the Permeability of Dense Membranes by Shaping Nanoscale Potentials

Permeability is one of the most fundamental transport properties in soft matter physics, material engineering, and nanofluidics. Here, we report by means of Langevin simulations of ideal penetrants in a nanoscale membrane made of a fixed lattice of attractive interaction sites, how the permeability can be massively tuned, even minimized or maximized, by tailoring the potential energy landscape for the diffusing penetrants, depending on the membrane attraction, topology, and density. Supported by limiting scaling theories we demonstrate that the observed nonmonotonic behavior and the occurrence of extreme values of the permeability is far from trivial and triggered by a strong anticorrelation and substantial (orders of magnitude) cancellation between penetrant partitioning and diffusivity, especially within dense and highly attractive membranes.