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Related Concept Videos

Gyroscope01:02

Gyroscope

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A gyroscope is defined as a spinning disk in which the axis of rotation is free to assume any orientation. When spinning, the orientation of the spin axis is unaffected by the orientation of the body that encloses it. The body or vehicle enclosing the gyroscope can be moved from place to place, while the orientation of the spin axis remains the same. This makes gyroscopes very useful in navigation, especially where magnetic compasses cannot be used, such as in crewed and crewless spacecraft,...
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Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...
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Passive Filters01:27

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY
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Passive optical gyroscope with double homodyne readout.

Denis Martynov, Nicolas Brown, Eber Nolasco-Martinez

    Optics Letters
    |April 2, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a simple, single-frequency optical gyroscope using polarization modes. This passive resonant design eliminates complex electronics for precise rotation readout, achieving excellent bias stability.

    Area of Science:

    • * Optical Physics
    • * Inertial Sensing

    Background:

    • * Traditional gyroscopes often require complex modulation electronics and frequency counters.
    • * Developing simpler, more stable inertial sensors is crucial for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To present a novel passive, resonant, single-frequency gyroscope design.
    • * To demonstrate a readout scheme utilizing polarization modes of an optical cavity.
    • * To achieve high bias stability and sensitivity without modulation electronics.

    Main Methods:

    • * Utilized two copropagating laser beams with orthogonal polarizations within an optical cavity.
    • * Extracted both cavity length and rotation signals from the polarization mode phase shifts.
    • * Applied the technique to a passive free-space gyroscope with a cavity area of 400 cm² and finesse of 10⁴.

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    Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
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    Main Results:

    • * Achieved a bias stability of 0.03°/h.
    • * Demonstrated a sensitivity of 5×10⁻⁸ rad/s/√Hz above 1 Hz.
    • * The design requires no modulation electronics or frequency counters.

    Conclusions:

    • * The presented passive resonant gyroscope offers a simplified and effective approach to rotation sensing.
    • * The polarization mode readout scheme is versatile and applicable to various optical cavity types.
    • * This design represents a significant advancement in passive optical gyroscope technology.