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Dietary inflammatory index and odds of coronary artery disease in a case-control study from Jordan
Lana M Agraib1, Mohammed Azab2, Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat2
1Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Insights
A proinflammatory diet, measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), is linked to a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in middle-aged Jordanians. Higher DII scores indicate increased CAD risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nutrition Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Dietary patterns play a significant role in cardiovascular health.
- The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) quantifies the inflammatory potential of diets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
- To assess this relationship in a population-based, case-control study of middle-aged Jordanian adults.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 388 middle-aged Jordanian adults (198 CAD cases, 190 controls).
- Dietary intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire to compute DII scores.
- Logistic regression models used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- CAD cases exhibited significantly higher DII scores compared to controls.
- Individuals in the highest DII tertile had a 2.10-fold increased risk of CAD (OR=2.10; 95% CI, 1.18-3.66).
- A positive association was observed between higher DII scores and CAD risk (OR=1.13 per unit increase).
Conclusions:
- A proinflammatory diet, indicated by higher DII scores, is associated with an increased risk of developing CAD.
- These findings in the Jordanian population support the broader evidence linking diet and cardiovascular disease.
- Public health strategies should consider dietary modifications to mitigate CAD risk.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the association between inflammatory potential diet as determined by dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population-based, case-control study of middle-aged Jordanian adults.
Methods:
In the present study, 388 patients who were referred for elective coronary angiography at Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, were enrolled. Of these, 198 were confirmed CAD cases and 190 were CAD-free control participants. DII scores were computed from dietary intake assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results:
CAD cases had significantly higher DII scores, higher body mass index (BMI), higher prevalence of diabetes, lower educational attainment, and lower physical activity than the CAD-free controls. A statistically significant higher risk for CAD was observed in those with DII scores in the highest tertile than in those in the lowest (ORtertile3vs1, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.18-3.66), after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. A positive association was found between higher DII and CAD risk when DII score was used as a continuous variable (ORcontinuous, 1.13 per unit increase in DII corresponding to ∼11% of its range in the current study; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32).
Conclusions:
The present findings, obtained in this ordanian population, add to the growing literature indicating that a proinflammatory diet is associated with higher risk for developing CAD.
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