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Bacterial translocation in acute lymphocytic leukemia.
1University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America.
Plos One
|April 2, 2019
Summary
Bloodstream infections in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) stem from gut bacteria entering the bloodstream (bacterial translocation). This occurs due to damage in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) during leukemia.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
Background:
- Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a primary cause of mortality in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).
- BSI often results from bacterial translocation (BT), where gut bacteria enter circulation due to increased intestinal permeability.
- The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) normally regulates gut microbiota and prevents BT.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanisms of bacterial translocation in leukemia.
- To identify and characterize alterations in the GALT in a mouse model of ALL.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a leukemic mouse model.
- Characterized alterations in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
- Identified differentially expressed genes in the intestinal intraepithelium and lamina propria.
Main Results:
- ALL severely impairs GALT function, characterized by a loss of lymphatic cells.
- This GALT impairment leads to increased bacterial translocation and subsequent BSI.
- Specific gene expression changes were identified that may drive BT and hinder lymphocyte migration.
Conclusions:
- Leukemia-induced damage to the GALT is a critical factor in the development of BSI via bacterial translocation.
- Targeting GALT integrity and lymphocyte migration pathways could offer new therapeutic strategies for BSI in ALL patients.
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