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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Enzymes02:34

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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Mycotoxins Using Nylon Bead and Terasaki Plate Solid Phases.

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Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for T-2 Toxin in Biological Fluids.

Titan S L Fan1, Guang S Zhang1, F S Chu1

  • 1Food Research Institute and Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.

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|April 3, 2019
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Summary

A new indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can detect T-2 toxin in biological samples. This method offers reliable quantification of T-2 toxin in urine, serum, and milk.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • T-2 toxin is a dangerous mycotoxin found in food and feed.
  • Accurate detection methods are crucial for monitoring T-2 toxin exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting T-2 toxin.
  • To assess the assay's performance in biological matrices like urine, serum, and milk.

Main Methods:

  • An indirect ELISA was developed using T-2 hemisuccinate conjugated to polylysine.
  • A reversed-phase Sep-Pak cartridge (C18) was used for sample cleanup.
  • Quantification involved measuring goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase complex binding to T-2 antibody.

Main Results:

  • The developed ELISA can detect 0.2 to 1 ng/ml of T-2 toxin.
  • Sample cleanup improved assay accuracy, with recoveries ranging from 51% to 83%.
  • Post-cleanup, minimal interference was observed even with larger sample volumes.

Conclusions:

  • The indirect ELISA is a sensitive and reliable method for T-2 toxin detection in urine, serum, and milk.
  • The implemented cleanup procedure effectively removes interfering substances.
  • This assay provides a valuable tool for T-2 toxin exposure assessment.