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Giant Water Clusters: Where Are They From?

Tatiana Yakhno1,2, Mikhail Drozdov3, Vladimir Yakhno4,5

  • 1Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia. yakhta13@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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PubMed
Summary

Giant water clusters form around salt crystals and can enter water from the air. Upon evaporation, these clusters melt, dissolving salt and enabling crystal regrowth, illustrating nature's salt dust cycle.

Keywords:
free and bound watergiant water clustersliquid-crystal shellssalt microcrystals

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Area of Science:

  • Physical chemistry
  • Environmental science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Giant water clusters (10-100s of micrometers) formation and destruction mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Earlier hypothesis proposed clusters as associates of liquid-crystal spheres (LCS) formed around sodium chloride seed particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and destruction mechanism of giant water clusters.
  • To elucidate the role of liquid-crystal spheres (LCS) and sodium chloride in cluster dynamics.
  • To illustrate the salt dust cycle in nature.

Main Methods:

  • Observing giant cluster evolution during water evaporation.
  • Analyzing phase transitions in water containing LCS during evaporation.
  • Proposing a schematic diagram of the dynamics of phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the high likelihood of LCS ingress into water from the surrounding air.
  • Showed that LCS melt and transition into free water above a critical ionic strength threshold.
  • Observed dissolution of salt crystals leading to the regrowth of larger crystals as precipitate.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed a new mechanism for giant water cluster formation and destruction.
  • Highlighted the significant role of LCS and sodium chloride in water cluster dynamics.
  • Provided insights into the salt dust cycle in the natural environment.