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Electrically Conductive CNT Composites at Loadings below Theoretical Percolation Values.

Brian Earp1, Joseph Simpson2, Jonathan Phillips3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA. bcearp@nps.edu.

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Two conductive mechanisms explain composite conductivity: a percolative network at higher loadings and dielectric breakdown at extremely low carbon nanotube (CNT) loadings. This guides future CNT composite conductivity control.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Conductive fillers dramatically increase polymer matrix conductivity.
  • Mechanisms at low filler loadings, below percolation limits, are not fully understood.
  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are high aspect ratio fillers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate conductivity mechanisms in CNT-epoxy composites at low filler loadings.
  • Determine the influence of dispersion and curing protocols.
  • Propose models to explain observed conductivity behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Fabricated CNT-epoxy composites with diverse CNT loadings.
  • Utilized varied dispersion and curing protocols.
  • Analyzed CNT distribution via electron microscopy and measured electrical conductivity.

Main Results:

  • No single model explains conductivity across all loadings.
  • Identified two distinct conductive mechanisms.
  • High conductivity at low loadings attributed to a percolative CNT network with non-conductive regions.
  • Extremely low loadings (<0.1% wt CNT) exhibit current/voltage dependence, suggesting dielectric breakdown.

Conclusions:

  • Two mechanisms govern CNT composite conductivity: percolation and dielectric breakdown.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for controlling composite conductivity.
  • Findings guide future research in designing conductive CNT composites.