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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Kidney Structure01:45

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation
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UTI in kidney transplant.

Daniel Ness1, Jonathon Olsburgh2

  • 1Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Renal Offices Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK. Daniel.Ness@gstt.nhs.uk.

World Journal of Urology
|April 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kidney transplant recipients, impacting survival. Understanding unique patient factors is key to managing and reducing UTI incidence in this population.

Keywords:
ABUInfectionKidneyTransplantUTIUrology

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent infection in kidney transplant patients.
  • UTI significantly compromises both patient and graft survival rates.
  • Management requires understanding the complex interplay of urinary system anatomy, physiology, and patient-specific factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique anatomical and physiological considerations for UTI in kidney transplant recipients.
  • To identify and discuss multifactorial contributors to UTI in this patient group.
  • To emphasize the need for awareness and mitigation strategies for UTI in kidney transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on UTI in kidney transplant patients.
  • Analysis of contributing factors including immunosuppression, foreign materials, and urinary tract abnormalities.
  • Discussion of current treatment and prophylaxis strategies and their implications.

Main Results:

  • UTI affects both transplant and native urinary systems (upper and lower tracts).
  • Key contributing factors include excessive immunosuppression, foreign material, ischemia-reperfusion injury, non-functioning native kidneys, and lower urinary tract abnormalities.
  • Antimicrobial use for treatment and prophylaxis has led to multi-drug resistant organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of UTI in kidney transplant patients necessitates a comprehensive understanding of numerous interacting factors.
  • Ongoing research is crucial to identify and mitigate these contributing factors.
  • Healthcare professionals must be aware of UTI risks and implement strategies to reduce incidence, especially given rising antimicrobial resistance.