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Cognitive control operates hierarchically, with task structure influencing how we manage goals. Separated task mappings promote hierarchical representation, enabling distinct control processes at different levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human behavior

Background:

  • Cognitive control mechanisms are debated regarding global versus local operation.
  • Task representations, proposed as 'task files,' may influence control implementation.
  • Hierarchical task structures are hypothesized to bound cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how task structure influences the implementation of cognitive control processes.
  • To determine if task representations are hierarchically structured.
  • To examine how distinct hierarchical levels support different control processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two experiments using a precuing procedure to manipulate task structure.
  • Varied stimulus set mappings: separated by response hand or interleaved across hands.
  • Used semantic categories (Experiment 1) and perceptual features (Experiment 2) for stimulus sets.

Main Results:

  • Participants with separated mappings showed hierarchical task representation.
  • Participants with interleaved mappings did not exhibit hierarchical representation.
  • Hierarchical representation patterns were consistent across different stimulus types.

Conclusions:

  • Task structure can be represented hierarchically.
  • Hierarchical task structure supports distinct cognitive control processes at different levels.
  • Findings suggest cognitive control is modulated by the hierarchical organization of task representations.